Reinforced concrete structure.



L. WHTB,

REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE.

Patented Feb. 9, 1909.

APPLXGATION FILED APR.7,1908.

3 SHEETS--SHEET 1.

APPLICATION FILED APB.. 7, 190B.

Patented Feb. 9, 1909.

s SHEETS-SHEET 2.

L. WHITE.

REINFORGBD CONCRETE STRUTTURE.

APPLICATION FILED APB.. 7, 1908. i

Patented Feb. 9, 1909.

3 `SHEETS--SHEET 3.

Ato withstand impact LINN WHITE, OF HLOAG, .LLNOS EET FRED GNGZEE S5" Specification of Lettere at. retenes@ :seni-a, feos.'

Application wediApi-l 7, i998. Serial Eto. i.

To allwhom 'it may concert Be itlrnown that l, Linn WHITE, a citizen l of the United States, residing at Chicago, in'

and State of lllinois,

the county of Cook have invented certain new and useful int provements in Reinforced Concrete'Struc-- tures, of which the following'is a' .specication.

My invention relates in general to reinforced concrete structures, so reinforced as or suddenly applied loads, and more particularly to a reinforced concrete support for railroad tracks.

The primary object of my invent-ion is to provide a reinforced concrete structure which will be capable of resisting and ab sorbing the vibration or shock produced by a. suddenly applied load, or oy a blow, and in which the concrete will be so firmly bonded` as to increase its strength under impact and compression. v

A further object of my invention is to previde a reinforced support for railroad rails which will be capableecf witlis' shocks and vibratioi'is to Whit n i jected by the passage of trains there/over.

My invention primarily consists of a. con crete structure having therein metal reinforcement comprising a number of adjacent spirals or coils made of separate or connected convolutions in the forni of rings, hooks, or bands of wire, or either rolled or drawn shapesdisposedabout vert-ical axes, the distance between the vertical axes of adjacent coils being less than the diameter of the coils, so that the convolutions overlap or intei-lace.

My invention further consists of a concrete support having interlocked reinforcing coils for railroad rails, preferably in the form ofsleepers having' a T-shape cross section, or other cross section having a greater longitudinal depth at. the center line than at the-sides. but with the bottom supporting surface horiz/,ontal or inclined to the horizonn tal at an angle less than the angle of friction between the material of which the sleeper or tie is made and the ballast or other material supporting it. y

VMy invention will be inore'fully described hereinafter with reference tothe accompany ing drawings, in which lthe same is illnstratedas embodied in a-support for railroad rails, and in wliichf Figure l is side elevation; Figz a plan vier 3' an enlarged cross section, taken the sleeper sections showing the interlocked reinforcement; and F ig. -5 aperspective View of the spiral reinforcement before being embedded in a concrete structure. The saine reference characters'arensed to designate the saine parts in the several r4figures of the drawings.

Reference characters A', A2 and A3 indicate alined sections forming a Stringer or sleeper underlying and supporting a railroad rail A. Reference characters B', B2 and B8 designate alined sections forming a Stringer or sleeper supporting a second rail l5, which together with the rail A constitute a railroad track. 'fine sections vof the sleepers or stringere are -inade of any length convenient f handling, and are preferably for Jed in Preis section-ns shown ri i a c ,e in ldeeg'ier at its longitudinal center .line lthan the sides. The bottoni st ffporting surfaces of the sleepers or stringere are, however, either horizontal or inclined to the horizontal at an angle less than the angle. of friction between the material 'of which the sleeper is made and the ballastor material supporting it, thereby preventing the supported load from causing the sleepers to Work downwardly vbelow their normal plane.

f Fig. 2; Fig. Il. a plan view of one` C designates a metal reinforcement com-` lportion b3' of the v Stringer wire, or other suitable shapes, but preferably each reinforcement C is made integral with the corresponding reinforcement c by bending wire, as shown in Fig. 5. Starting at a point C', the wire is bent to form one side C2 of one of the convolutions of the reinforcement C, and is then bent to form the top convolution c of the inner reinforcement c. The wire then continues to form the opposite side C3 of one of the convolutions of the reinforcement C, and thence continues to form the other side C* of such convolution. A second convolution c2 of the inner reinforcement c is then formed. The bending of the wire then continues in this manner until the desired number of outer convolutions are formed to -constitute the reinforcement C, after which the wire is merely7 bent into a series of superposed sub` stantially circular convolutions to form the downwardly extending portion of the inner reinforcement c, which extends within the depending central portion b3 of the Stringer sections.

A plurality1 of outer and inner reinforcements C and c are placed within a mold,

and are so relatively located that the distance between the axes of the convolutions of adjacent reinforcements is less than the diameter of the convolutions of the inner reinforcement, so that the convolutions of adjacent reinforcements overlap or interlaee, as clearly shown in Fig. 4. The concrete while in a plastic condition is then molded solidly in and around the coils of the reinforcements, so that they are all embedded within the concrete. By reason of the overla ping and interlacing of the eonvolutions ofp the adjacent reinforcements, all the particles of concrete, except a comparatively.

thin outer layer, are within the circumfery.ence of one or more of the convolutions.

The effect of this interlacing of the convolutions of the reinforcements is to resist and absorb the vibrations or shocks produced by the passage of trains over the tracks, when the invention is applied as a support for railroad tracks, and to more firmly bind the concrete together, thereby increasing its strength under impact and compression.

.lVhen the concrete is molded around the reinforcement, a bearing plate D is molded upon the upper surface of each stringer or sleeper section, upon which the rail base rests. This bearing plate may be continuous for the whole length of lthe sleeper section, or it may 4be made in any number of short sections.

Holes are punched through the bearing plate D, spaced apart a distance conforming to the width ofthe rail base, through which the fastening pins or bolts E and extend. rlhe holes in the bearing plate are preferably punched with a chisel-shaped tool, so that none of the metal is removed, but remains attached to one side of the holes and is bent downwardly at the proper angle to form supports al and d2 for the pins or bolts, as clearly shown in Fig. 5. rl`he pins E and E2 are provided with heads E which overlie clamps Fv and F2. T he pins are offset near their heads to forni shoulders e and @2 which rest upon the supports d and (Z2 of the bear* ing plate D. The clamps F and F2 engage and overlie the opposite edges of the ail ibase. The top surfaces of the clamps are inclined to the horizontal at an angle greater than the angle made by the upper surfaces of the rail base, so that by bending the pins E and 4E2 a short distance below their heads. the heads will tit squarely upon theA upper surfaces of the clamps. The clamps are provided with oblong holes, through which the pins pass se` as to permit the gage of the road to be adjusted by shifting the rail to the right or to theY left within certain limits.

The securing pins E and E2 extend in inclined directions through the sleeper sections and are slotted at their outer ends to receive wedge keys G and G. In order to form an extended bearing against which the keys rest, inclined surfaces g and g2 are formed upon the opposite sides of the sleeper" sections. A metallic washer g is preferably interposed between each key G2 and the adjacent bearing surface gAl to prevent wearing away of the concrete through engagement of the key therewith. ln lieu of providing a similar washer between each key G and its adjacent bearing surface g, the ends of the channel ties H are bent in an inclined direction conforming to the surfaces g on the inner sides of the sleeper sections underlying the two rails.

H indicates thevbent portion at one end of each. tie H which is interposed between a key Gr and the adjacent inclined surface g.

/L designates a hole through the web por tion of the tie for permitting the insertion of the key G.

The ties H are located at any desired distance apart, preferably two ties being provided between each opposing pair of sleeper sections. The pins E anl E2 do not aline transversely, but are staggered so as to ex tend past each other where they pass through the sleeper sections.

From the foregoing description, the manner of constructing the sleeper sections and of laying and uniting such sections to support the rails will be clear. The sections are laid in alinenient to forni continuous stringers or sleepers, upon which the bases of the rails are placed. The pins are then extended through the clamping blocks and through the underlying sleeper sections,

after which the keys are inserted through the ends e of the pins, thereby tightly drawing the clamps against the rail bases.

From the above description it will be seen y that I have invented an improved reinforcedv concrete structure adapted 'to withstand viplied 1oadsiori1by ablopyfs which r 1 for the various uses;suchgf'forY mstance5'as' a bra-tion or shock produced by suddenly apapt-ed AYVhile I hav'eillustrated my inventionias einbodi'ed'iiiirailroad track support,vyet it Will of course be understood 4 pable of other uses-giandf'wvhilefI'have described more orless' precisely details of construction I do not Wish to be understood as limiting myself thereto, as I contemplate changes in form and in proportion of parts,

yand the substitution of equivalents, as circumstances may suggest or render expedient, Without departing from the spirit of my invention.

I claim f l. In a railroad track structure, a rail- Supporting Stringer composed of a concrete body and a. metal reinforcement, comprising a plurality of superposed convolutions, the axis of which coincides With the direction of the load imposed upon the Stringer.

2. In a reinforced concrete structure, the combination With a concrete body portion, of a metal reinforcement embedded in the concrete and comprising a plurality of series of superposed convolutions, the distance between the axes of adjacent series being less than the diameters of the convoiutions.

3. In a reinforced concrete structure, the combination with a concrete body portion, of a metal reinforcement embedded in the concrete and comprising adjacent overlapping convolutions having axes coinciding with the Vdirection of the strain imposed upon the structure.

4. In a reinforced concrete structure, the combination with a concrete body portion, of a reinforcement embedded in the concrete and comprising an outer and an inner series of superposed convolutions formed of a single continuous strip of metal.

5. In a reinforced concrete structure, the combination with a concrete body portion having a cross section deeper at its longitudinal center than at its sides, of a metal reinforcement embedded in the concrete and comprising a plurality of series of superposed convolutions, the distances between the axes of adjacent Series being less than the diameters of the convolutions.-

G. In a reinforced concrete structure., the combination with a concrete body portion having a cross section deeper at its longitudinal center than at its sides, of a metal reinforcement embedded in the concrete and comprising outer and inner series of superposed convolutions, the axes of which coincide with the direction of the strain imposed upon the structure.

7.` In a reinforced concrete structure, the combination with a concrete body portion having a cross section deeper at its longitudinal cent-er than 'at its sides, of a metal that-fit is ca'- reinforcement embedded in the concrete and vrcor'nprising outer and inner series of superposed jconvolutons, f'fpair of series being formed of a single con.

ytinfuous strip of metal. j

'8. In a reinforced concrete structure', the

the convolutions'in each combination with aconcrete body portion,

lofa reinforcement embedded in the concrete and comprismg outer and inner series of superposed convolutions, the convolutions in each pair of series being formed of a single continuous strip of metal, the convolutions of adjacent pairs of series overlapping and having axes coinciding with the direction of the strain imposed upon the structure.

Volutions embedded inthe concrete and having axes coinciding Withv the direction of strain on the structure, the under surface of said beams being inclined to the horizontal at an angle less than the angle of friction between the material of the'bottom and the underlying material, and means for rigidly connecting said beams.

ll; In a railroad track structure', the combination with parallel rail-supporting stringere formed of-alii1ed sections of concrete reinforced by interlocking metallic convolutionshaving laxes coinciding with the direction of strain upon the Stringer sections, means for securing the rail bases .upon said Stringer sections, transverse ties interposed between said Stringer sections, and means for rigidly securing the ends o f said ties to the inner surfaces of said stringers.

12. In a railroad track structure, the combination With4 parallel railsupporting stringers, of pins engaging the opposite sides of the rail bases and extending in inclined directions through the stringers, and fastening means engaging the ends of said pins which project through the sides of the stringers for retaining said pins tightly in engagement With the rail basesr` 13. In a railroad track structure, the combination with parallel rail-supporting stringers, of pins engaging the oppositesides of the rail bases and extending in inclined directions throughthe stringers, ties connecting the stringers and engaging at their ends With said pins, and fastening. means for said pins to retain themtightly in engagement With the rail bases and to connect the ties therewith.

14. In a railroad track structure,` the combination with parallel rail-supporting stringers composed of reinforced concrete,

, 8 o 9. In a railroad track structure, a rail sup- 4 i Y ,p 9.152,21@ e of baseplates secured to the upper surfaces for fastening said pins tightly in engageof suidigstriugers -upon whichk the rail bases ment with the rail bases. 10 are supported, pins engagingthe opposite In testimony whereof, I have subscribedy sidesof the rail bases and extending 1n` inmy name.

olned'direotions through said base plates LINN'WHITE. and the `'underlying stringers, and fastening W'itnesses: means eno'aging the ends of said pins which GEO. L. WILKINSON,

project ,t rough the sides of the stringers ANNIE C. COURTENAY. 

